On a regular basis, the energy sector, identified as being responsible for at least two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions, projects itself into scenarios that should allow it to achieve the objectives of limiting these emissions as advocated by the States. For many, it seems that the key to the problem is the search for a technological offer whose virtuous combination would limit the level of these emissions and, in this perspective, it is a question of integrating as many technologies based on so-called “renewable” resources as possible.

The creation of these scenarios, which shed light on the future by providing representations of the possible, often relies on modeling tools, beyond the simple juxtaposition of experts’ statements. However, even if these numerical tools have undeniable advantages for producing coherent images of the future, they do not guarantee a treatment of the energy system that takes into account its interdependencies with other sectors that are significant for climate issues, such as the economy, society, resources, land, water, materials, etc.

In the light of these challenges, in this seminar we propose to take a critical look at all the issues related to the integration of renewable energies with the aim of decarbonizing the French energy mix by the end of the century. To this end, we will propose to articulate our reflection through sessions, each targeted on a specific expertise and the studies associated with it. The objective of each of these sessions is to provide elements of understanding as to the plausibility and feasibility of each of the scenarios analyzed or existing scenarios by discussing: